When it comes to ownership or violation of the infringement act set by the law, firms need to take assistance of commercial litigation services that would provide satisfactory results. Most firms fall apart due to differences between partners and also regarding the ownership right of each partner, this is when proper legal formalities can solve the issues. Online firms have been facing threats from close competitors by using the domain names that are strikingly similar except for a small change in detail which would ultimately give an undue advantage for the competitor. Taking legal action against the violators should be done in a careful manner so as to safeguard the interests of the firm. Commercial litigation service would ensure the right kind of justice that could help businesses to oversee the threats from close quarters. With the growing importance of online trade, it is important that all the business entities are protected from external factors that hamper the growth prospects. Internet lawyers can clearly be able to chart out various terms and conditions that can have legal implications in case of any violation by another source. Websites are prone to content duplication, plagiarism, imitation of the design, defamation and also copying the domain name.

Most of these factors are crucial to maintain the true identity of a business that is needed to establish astonishing growth rate. There might be several conflicts that may arise from various sectors when it comes to an online firm. Some of them include the web hosting agreements, violation of rules by contributors to the website, website promotion agencies, web designers and also the clients who establish contacts with the online firm. A commercial litigation expert can guide these firms to win legal battles against those who have violated the terms and conditions of the business. Intellectual property rights of internet related businesses are crucial for long term business prospects. Commercial litigation lawyers help in drafting key rules and regulations in these matters to make the company free from any disputes in the future. Choosing the services of an established lawyer is important to take care of the interest of the online firms. Internet dispute settlement lawyers can deliver quick solutions to the ongoing problems and can successfully draft charges against those who are guilty of violating the terms and conditions. Through the support of internet lawyers one can successfully sue those who are guilt on charges of infringement of the law.

Website protection is important for any business to establish its reputation and also to avoid any large disparities with the competitors. Commercial litigation lawyers will provide services that would address various legal issues that might arise in the future. With changing trend of legal framework it is important to hire for the services of reputed cyber lawyers who can provide the right kind of protection to the clients. Activities such as cyber squatting and typo squatting can be controlled to a great extent through the support of commercial litigation lawyers.

Not too long ago, a child could find refuge at home. Despite being made fun of at school for one reason or another, or not having anyone to play with at recess, a kid could go home at the end of the day to a family who accepted and loved him. Home was a safe place free from the other children who made fun of him. The bullies in the class would have to make an extra effort to bully outside of school. They had to pick up the phone, without their own parents being aware, and dial their target’s house for a prank call, or find a way to physically travel to their target’s home to ding-dong-ditch, or play some other prank without being seen in the neighborhood. Social media has slowly crept into younger and younger generations’ lives in the past decade. Teens joined MySpace and instant messaged with friends, which allowed them to connect with friends virtually and outside of school. While this gave the opportunity to develop friendships without having to physically be in the same room as a friend, it also opened the door to advanced bullying. When Facebook became available to the general public and not just those in university, it took off. High scholars and middle scholars created accounts and added their classmates to their friend lists.

Bullies were given the ticket to anonymity and invisibility. In the virtual world, it is often difficult to judge a person’s reaction and tone. The comment could be intended to be sarcastic, but when just reading it off the screen, could be interpreted as serious. Feelings are easily hurt and arguments take off because of minor misunderstanding. In grade-school children, it is far too easy to post about a classmate and never fully understand how the post made them feel. Reactions are made and things are typed and sent before thinking of what they typed emotionally means. Kids will say things they would never say to someone’s face because they don’t see the tears, anger, or upset facial expressions of their peers when the interaction is online. School administrations have to decide how to address this new type of bullying. In Massachusetts, schools have given police the reigns for how bullying should be punished all together. (See: ) Criminalizing bullying makes a huge impact in the lives of children. It is far too easy, especially with kids who are still learning about human relations, to make hurtful comments online. This could go on for a long time before a parent or teacher finds out.

By then, it is too late. Someone has gotten hurt or the bullying has gone too far, requiring police involvement. What used to be punishable with a week of detention or suspension from school now has legal consequences. When we think of children convicted of crimes, we imagine a juvenile detention center full of uncontrollable young adults who are at their last resort of restraint. Do we really want to group a child, who is perhaps the victim of bullying himself, who has bullied a classmate in the same category as a child who killed another? Massachusetts says yes, make them criminals. Don’t give them the benefit of the doubt anymore by allowing school authorities to handle the situation, send them straight to the police. While the victims of bullies are often traumatized by the taunts they face, the bully will be equally traumatized in being accused of a crime. An attorney must be hired putting financial strain on the family, court appearances require missing work and school, gossip in the school about the case will leave the child will be stigmatized. All of these are things anyone accused of a crime will go through. The difference is an adult accused of a crime has developed emotionally and is supposed to know what is acceptable to society and they are able to cope more than a child in the same situation would. So why does Massachusetts suddenly think it is ok to treat a mistake as a crime? One student committed suicide and the legislature responded, dramatically. While these students certainly did take their bulling too far, should they really be the ones responsible for the death of their classmate?

Laws and regulations are an integral part of modern society, and they have been with us for a very long time, many centuries to be exact, giving us a guide to follow and conventions to respect. Well, the Internet has also become an integral part of modern society, and it’s no wonder that many countries all around the world are trying to create Internet or Cyber laws that will govern everything we do online. One of the most important Internet laws is in fact the Internet Copyright Law, and here will be discussed how it works in some detail. The US Internet Copyright Law Everything created on the Internet after the date of April 1 1989 is protected under the American Internet Copyright Law. This can in many cases probably be difficult to understand, but the fact is that if you come from the USA, and you have created something and uploaded it on the World Wide Web is the last 20 years or so, this work of your is protected, and it cannot be stolen by anybody. However, this is true only in theory. The Problems with the Internet Copyright Law Yes, it is true that you hold all rights to your work as the original author ever since your work has seen the light of the Internet day. Yes, it is also true that you have the right to take action if someone happens to steal your original work from the Web.

However, the problem arises when there is more than one country involved in this process. Namely, if you are an American, and your work has been illegally downloaded by a person from let’s say Albania, there’s probably nothing you’ll be able to do about it. The reason for this is the fact that most countries don’t have any rules or regulations regarding the Internet, so even though you might know exactly who stole your work, in many cases you will not be able to act on this fact. Another important issue related to the Internet Copyright Law is the fact that you often cannot know who violated the law, meaning that there are ways to steal your work from the Internet without you knowing who was actually responsible. For example, modern technology can, by tracing IP addresses, tell you where the person who stole your work was, but can never tell you exactly who this person is.

The Internet Copyright Law and Plagiarism Plagiarism is another interesting subject related to the Internet Copyright Law, as in many cases it cannot be proven. For example, if you have taken a photograph and uploaded it to the Web, and if someone took this photo without crediting you as the original author, then you can make this person remove the photo, or even sue the person. However, if you have written an original article, for instance, and uploaded it on the Internet, you cannot do anything if someone read your article and steals the idea, even though plagiarism is actually defined as using someone else’s words, quotes or even ideas as their own.

Cyber crime is the crime committed by using computer on the internet. Internet is being utilized for committing serious and heinous crime. The scope of cyber crime is very vast because these crimes are committed at the large scale to discourage the military of a country and at the same time, these crimes are able to weaken the strength of a country by mishandling the countries intelligence or illegally selling the intelligence to enemy country. Cyber crime has become the bigger threat to the confidentiality and secrecy of an individual, a group, business or a country. What is cyber crime? Cyber crime is the use of corrupt and criminal activities towards any individual, group, business or a country, by using computer and internet. These crimes are committed to retrieve the secret and confidential intelligence and vital information or by sending the fake emails of any terror attack or threat motive. These crimes are used as the weapon to carry out the serious crime and trace of the criminal or crime location is almost impossible. So criminals fearlessly and daringly go for committing huge crimes and there is the least or no possibility of catching the criminals. How cyber crimes are committed? Cyber crime is the fastest growing way of committing serious crimes.

Top ranked criminals of crook minds explore the best use of speed and anonymity of the modern technology to carry out wide range of criminal activities. It includes theft of data and system information, identity thefts, internet frauds and deep penetration of kind of virus and botnets to do email scams. The Internet is used by the terrorists for the encouragement of radicalization which is the serious threat to international security. More often, hacker tools are available on the internet to do the crimes. The computer is utilized as the tool and target to the carry out of crimes. This is used for perpetrating the criminal activity by injecting a virus or worm which can crash entire network. Effects of cyber crime in India Cyber crime is having its terrifying effect on the information systems. Nothing is considered safe and secure on the computer in the present environment. It has become difficult to keep important information or intelligence on to the computer due to high rise of cyber crimes in the India. Information and intelligence security has become a bigger issue as the criminal are able to break the security measures to steal the important data’s. All the sensitive and secret divisions in India are observing a great challenge and big threat to keep their vital information safe and secure. In this context, the major role is being played by the computer forensic for getting computer security and law enforcement. The statistics show that Cyber Crimes are high on rise. But the bigger problem is that these Crimes are not reported in India and it is presumed that Crime does not exist and that society is safe from such Crime. There are many reason for not reporting the crimes as people don’t wish to face any police harassment and legal proceedings.

So these crimes go on and nothing comes to light and no correct statistics of cyber crimes registered. Is computer forensic controlling cyber crimes? Computer forensic has become the one of the fastest growing field for information security and law enforcement. Use of computer forensics has become essential for every criminal investigation. The expert private investigators with thorough knowledge of disk structure and commercial software are able to investigate the cybercrimes. Indian police is becoming cyber crime savvy and hiring expert private investigators that are trained in the area. Many police stations have computers which are linked to police Head Quarters. Cyber Police Stations are functioning in major Cities all over India. A series of initiatives are continuing in computer forensics and cyber law procedures are established to give the desired resulted out of it. Conclusion This is clear from the fact and the available statistics reveals that computer forensics are contributing to deal with cyber crimes and police professionals active involvement and their expertise present the remarkable result and at the same, strict cyber law with fast track courts for quick prosecution and hard decisions will take the computer forensic investigations in broad way to eradicate the cyber crimes in India.

Cyberstalking is a recent form of criminal behavior involving persistent threats or unwanted attention using the Internet and other means of computer communications. With more and more people going “online,” the opportunity to target someone on the Internet is becoming limitless. Cyberstalkers visit chat rooms, discussion forums or message boards in search of victims. The range of cyberstalking can range from aggressive and hostile email, chat room bullying, leaving abusing messages in guest books to sending e-viruses, tracing a victim’s computer and identity theft. Like regular stalkers, cyberstalkers want to intimidate and control their victims. Cyberstalkers do it with the use of the Internet. The Internet can be used to trace the victim’s real name and address. For instance, it is remarkably easy to find out what party a victim is planning to attend and when by checking the information on a site such as Facebook. The use of technology makes locating a victim easier than ever before. Anyone can type in certain key words into the computer which will bring up a myriad of internet datafurnishing companies that supply private records and information online, either free or for a nominal fee. The internet can do what private detectives of the past only dreamed of doing. States are attempting to deal with this new form of criminal behavior. Early in 2009, the state of California enacted a set of new stalking laws. These laws make it a misdemeanor to publish information on the Internet which describes a teacher or his or her family or mentions where the teacher lives with the intent of having another person commit a crime against that teacher.

The penalty is up to one year in prison and/or a $1,000 fine. This law can also be invoked to protect people other than teachers against cyber-threats. It is now considered a misdemeanor in California to place any person in fear of his or her safety by means of Internet threats and threats using cell phones, PDAs, video recorders or pagers. Several cases of cyberstalking have been prosecuted under California’s new cyberstalking laws. In the state’s very first case, the state prosecuted a man who used the internet to impersonate his victim, a young woman who’d spurned his attentions. Pretending to be the victim, the man posted her phone number and address and stated that she had rape fantasies she wanted fulfilled. Strange men started to show up at the victim’s apartment ready to rape her and became angry when she refused. The cyberstalker was sentenced to six years in prison. In another case, a graduate student from the University of San Diego cyberstalked five female students for a year. He sent hundreds of threatening emails. The graduate student was arrested and sentenced to six years in prison. He told police the women were ridiculing him. The victims, in fact, had never met this man. Prior to California’s anti-cyberstalking laws, the crime was difficult to prosecute. Deidre Des Jardins, a student at UC-Santa Cruz, started getting violet emails from her ex-boyfriend. Some threats were directed at her, others dealt with violence in general. Local law enforcement agents were unable to do anything since the act of cyberstalking had not been clearly defined as a crime.

The campus police, also, were unable to act, even though the threatening emails continued for several years. Deidre was told that since some of the messages dealt with violence in general and not specifically with her, it didn’t fit the definition of cyberstalking. Her ex-boyfriend was never arrested. Cyberstalking can evolve into real-life stalking where the victim is harassed by excessive telephone calls, vandalism, trespassing and even physical assault. Some cyberstalkers know their victims. Others have some kind of imaginary connection to the ones they stalk. It is not unusual for a celebrity cyberstalker to become violent when his fantasy is threatened. In a recent news story, a cyberstalker sent cyberthreats to a Knox County state’s attorney because the stalker believed that the state’s attorney was interfering in his relationship with model Cheryl Tiegs. The cyberstalker was obsessed with Tiegs and had been stalking her for years. She had never met him. The relationship existed in the cyberstalker’s mind only. Cyberstalking is a real threat. Due to limited laws, the only real defense to use caution when revealing personal information on the Internet. The less, the better.

Each and every state has its own law especially regarding labor. Sometimes the federal rules and the state rules may be different. But in that case, labors have to obey both of the rules. United Stateslabor law is the combination of both state law and federal law. So, to maintain the standard of the work, all the labors need to obey the state labor law which is generally warned using State labor law posters. The combination of federal law and state law can protect the people from labor discrimination. State labor law posters vary from one state to other. California labor law posters are not only required by the US Department of Labor but also by the State ofCalifornia Government. The posers of state labor law can be on different topics like Payday notice (to show the time of payment)Equal employment opportunity (to show the notice for equal employment opportunity for all people except child)Child labor laws (to stop child to work) There may be more posters required for example- drug free workplace, no smoking, first aid and many more. SoCalifornialabor law posters are shown to for the notices that are related toCalifornialabors.

Californialabor law posters can be of different notices like- Safety & Health Protection Notice To Employees Harassment or Discrimination in the Workplace Time Off for Voting Unemployment Insurance Benefits Pay Day Notice Whistleblower’s Protection Act Minimum Wage Emergency Information Also there are lots of Safety posters available. The safety posters are more used in work place for safety. The example of safety posters may be like bellow- Keep your eyes on safetyMake safety a part of your workDare to be awareHealth and safety, words to live byLift with your legs, not your backUse your eyes, don’t lose themBetter to be safe than to be sorry!Be sure be safe From the New Year, the wages for the labors will also be increased as the inflation rate has increased. 8 states among all will increase the minimum payment rate for workers.

The expected increase in wage is 28 cents to 37 cents per hour for the statesArizona,Florida,Oregon,Montana,Ohio,Vermont,ColoradoandWashington. Some states still to declare any change for the next Hampshireis one of those states which will come with very minor changes in their state labor law posters. Now 2012 labor law poster are on the process of shipping along with the 2012 federal labor law posters, which also includes Employee Rights Posting that is required by the National Labor Relations Board.

The internet is often deemed to be like the Wild West. It is viewed as a lawless region where people can act outside the laws of the land. This is not the case. The jail sentences handed down to a number of individuals who tweeted or posted Facebook messages about the riots in England in August clearly illustrate that there laws governing what can be posted online carry real consequences. Breaking the law online is as serious as breaking the law offline. The law that the social media users broke was the Serious Crime Act 2007. Although the law was not set up to cover the use of social media, the use of social media was much lower in 2007 than it is now, the law of the land applies online to the same degree that it does off line. The Serious Crime Act 2007 states that either “intentionally encouraging or assisting an offence” or “encouraging or assisting an offence believing it will be committed” is viewed as being as serious as carrying out the act itself. So if you post a Facebook message encouraging people to riot and loot then it viewed the same in the eyes of the law as if you were rioting and looting yourself.

Defamation and Libel Online Defamation and libel laws apply to the online world in the same way that they apply to more traditional forms of print media, TV and radio. If you slander someone online without being able to prove it then you can be open to being sued for libel. You may think that something you post about an individual of company may well be lost in the billions of webpages in cyberspace. This is not the case as many individuals and companies actively police what is said about them online. Many will issue civil proceedings if they feel the statements are defamatory. The cyber smearing does not have to take place on a website you own for you to be open to being sued. If you have smeared someone using social media, message boards, forums, review sites, auction sites or email then you are open to being pursued for libel damages. You also do not need to be the originator of the rumour. If you simply repeat the allegations then you can be sued. It is very foolish to just repeat allegations without double checking that they are true.

A re-tweet of somebody else’s link to a post about a rumour can place you in line for being sued. It is also worth noting that you cannot defame someone using their nickname and thing you are safe if the nickname is well known by the public. Attempting to hide behind an anonymous username is also no protection from the law. Difference between Slander and Libel A landmark ruling in August 2008 by Mr Justice Eady drew a distinction between de Defamatory comments on internet bulletin boards and forums and those published within articles on websites. The Judge stated that those on internet bulletin boards were more likely to be slander and not libel. Currently the UK is looking at reforming its libel laws and this will take into account both online and offline forms. Tony Heywood ??

Laws and regulations are an integral part of modern society, and they have been with us for a very long time, many centuries to be exact, giving us a guide to follow and conventions to respect. Well, the Internet has also become an integral part of modern society, and it’s no wonder that many countries all around the world are trying to create Internet or Cyber laws that will govern everything we do online. One of the most important Internet laws is in fact the Internet Copyright Law, and here will be discussed how it works in some detail. The US Internet Copyright Law Everything created on the Internet after the date of April 1 1989 is protected under the American Internet Copyright Law. This can in many cases probably be difficult to understand, but the fact is that if you come from the USA, and you have created something and uploaded it on the World Wide Web is the last 20 years or so, this work of your is protected, and it cannot be stolen by anybody. However, this is true only in theory.

The Problems with the Internet Copyright Law Yes, it is true that you hold all rights to your work as the original author ever since your work has seen the light of the Internet day. Yes, it is also true that you have the right to take action if someone happens to steal your original work from the Web. However, the problem arises when there is more than one country involved in this process. Namely, if you are an American, and your work has been illegally downloaded by a person from let’s say Albania, there’s probably nothing you’ll be able to do about it. The reason for this is the fact that most countries don’t have any rules or regulations regarding the Internet, so even though you might know exactly who stole your work, in many cases you will not be able to act on this fact. Another important issue related to the Internet Copyright Law is the fact that you often cannot know who violated the law, meaning that there are ways to steal your work from the Internet without you knowing who was actually responsible.

For example, modern technology can, by tracing IP addresses, tell you where the person who stole your work was, but can never tell you exactly who this person is. The Internet Copyright Law and Plagiarism Plagiarism is another interesting subject related to the Internet Copyright Law, as in many cases it cannot be proven. For example, if you have taken a photograph and uploaded it to the Web, and if someone took this photo without crediting you as the original author, then you can make this person remove the photo, or even sue the person. However, if you have written an original article, for instance, and uploaded it on the Internet, you cannot do anything if someone read your article and steals the idea, even though plagiarism is actually defined as using someone else’s words, quotes or even ideas as their own.

Cyberstalking is a recent form of criminal behavior involving persistent threats or unwanted attention using the Internet and other means of computer communications. With more and more people going “online,” the opportunity to target someone on the Internet is becoming limitless. Cyberstalkers visit chat rooms, discussion forums or message boards in search of victims. The range of cyberstalking can range from aggressive and hostile email, chat room bullying, leaving abusing messages in guest books to sending e-viruses, tracing a victim’s computer and identity theft. Like regular stalkers, cyberstalkers want to intimidate and control their victims. Cyberstalkers do it with the use of the Internet. The Internet can be used to trace the victim’s real name and address. For instance, it is remarkably easy to find out what party a victim is planning to attend and when by checking the information on a site such as Facebook. The use of technology makes locating a victim easier than ever before. Anyone can type in certain key words into the computer which will bring up a myriad of internet datafurnishing companies that supply private records and information online, either free or for a nominal fee.

The internet can do what private detectives of the past only dreamed of doing. States are attempting to deal with this new form of criminal behavior. Early in 2009, the state of California enacted a set of new stalking laws. These laws make it a misdemeanor to publish information on the Internet which describes a teacher or his or her family or mentions where the teacher lives with the intent of having another person commit a crime against that teacher. The penalty is up to one year in prison and/or a $1,000 fine. This law can also be invoked to protect people other than teachers against cyber-threats. It is now considered a misdemeanor in California to place any person in fear of his or her safety by means of Internet threats and threats using cell phones, PDAs, video recorders or pagers. Several cases of cyberstalking have been prosecuted under California’s new cyberstalking laws. In the state’s very first case, the state prosecuted a man who used the internet to impersonate his victim, a young woman who’d spurned his attentions. Pretending to be the victim, the man posted her phone number and address and stated that she had rape fantasies she wanted fulfilled. Strange men started to show up at the victim’s apartment ready to rape her and became angry when she refused. The cyberstalker was sentenced to six years in prison. In another case, a graduate student from the University of San Diego cyberstalked five female students for a year. He sent hundreds of threatening emails.

The graduate student was arrested and sentenced to six years in prison. He told police the women were ridiculing him. The victims, in fact, had never met this man. Prior to California’s anti-cyberstalking laws, the crime was difficult to prosecute. Deidre Des Jardins, a student at UC-Santa Cruz, started getting violet emails from her ex-boyfriend. Some threats were directed at her, others dealt with violence in general. Local law enforcement agents were unable to do anything since the act of cyberstalking had not been clearly defined as a crime. The campus police, also, were unable to act, even though the threatening emails continued for several years. Deidre was told that since some of the messages dealt with violence in general and not specifically with her, it didn’t fit the definition of cyberstalking. Her ex-boyfriend was never arrested. Cyberstalking can evolve into real-life stalking where the victim is harassed by excessive telephone calls, vandalism, trespassing and even physical assault.

Some cyberstalkers know their victims. Others have some kind of imaginary connection to the ones they stalk. It is not unusual for a celebrity cyberstalker to become violent when his fantasy is threatened. In a recent news story, a cyberstalker sent cyberthreats to a Knox County state’s attorney because the stalker believed that the state’s attorney was interfering in his relationship with model Cheryl Tiegs. The cyberstalker was obsessed with Tiegs and had been stalking her for years. She had never met him. The relationship existed in the cyberstalker’s mind only. Cyberstalking is a real threat. Due to limited laws, the only real defense to use caution when revealing personal information on the Internet. The less, the better.